Direnc Profilleri

Naxalitler

Cogunluk yeralti ve son zamanlarda politikada katilimini yerustu uzerinden yapiyor " Hindistanin Komunist Partisi '

Genel olarak uzak bolgelerde isliyorlar ve de yardim ediyorlar.

Cogunluk yoksul kirsal yerlilerden olusuyor zengin kaynakli alanlarda yasiyorlar ve onem derecesi dusurulmus gruplarda oluyorlar mesela Dalitler ( dokunulmazlar ) . Yoksul koylere katki saglamak icin ve iyilik kazanmak icin temel altyapiyi takmak . Genel kultur tarafindan bastirilmis kadinlari guclendirmek ve korumak.

Yesil Korku saati

Koyluler' Isyan

Vergi odemeyi red etmek ( Kelle vergisi ) ve resmi yetkililer koleksiyon tesebbusunde bulunduklarinda isyan etmek.

Organised into groups from different areas and marched to London encouraged by the teachings of John Ball and led by Wat Tyler. In London they negotiated with King Richard II demanding law reforms and the heads of various members of the Royal Council. Their request was not suitably answered and the group rioted sabotaging prisons, government buildings (including the Tower of London) and assassinated several targeted members of the Royal Council.

ETA ( Bask ayrilikcilari )

Hindustan Sosyalist Cumhuriyet Birligi Olusumu

The organization ended with the majority of members being hanged or imprisoned. The last round of hangings, that included Bhagat Singh's, led to thousands of youths in regions around Northern India rioting in protest against the British Raj and also against the indifference of the congress. It is also believed that the actions of the HSRA but pressure on the British Government to negotiate with the more liberal Indian National congress (led by Gandhi) and partially withdraw from India.

Yeralti Demiryolu

Beyaz Gul Sosyetesi

3 members were executed by guillotine in Feb 1943, two more in July 1943, and 1 more in Oct 1943. Remaining members were sent to prison for 6 months – 10 years.

The last leaflet was smuggled out to the Allies who air-dropped millions over Germany. Although they did not alter the course of the war, the members are recognized throughout Germany as martyrs, have streets and squares named after them, appear on stamps and stand as a symbol for a non-violent stand for freedom.

Makine Kiricilari

• Lobby parliament to enforce laws about using non-apprenticed workers
• Break into factories at night to destroy new machines the employers were using
• Fabrikalar uzerinde kundaklama
• Tuccar Suikasti

They destroyed 200 stocking frame machines in a 3 week period, with attacks occurring on a nightly basis. They succeeded in restoring wage levels and scaring factory owners away from using some of the machines, but only for a short time.

The Government took action in 1812 by passing the Frame Breaking Act to make machine-breaking a capital offense, and 12,000 military troops were called to areas where Luddites were active. The dramatic response of the Government suggests that the actions of the Luddites were effective. In the summer of 1812 8 men in Lancashire were hanged and 13 transported to Australia whilst another 15 were executed at York.

Mucadeleciler

• Kamu toplantilari, dilekceler ve bariscil gosteriler
• Hukumet toplantilarina hedeflenen bozulma
• Hukumet binalarinin camlarini ve de onde gelen politikacilarin evlerini kirmak
• Politikacinin bos evine kundaklama saldirisi; Telefon hatlarina sabotaj
• Posta kutularina sabotaj; Mektup bombalari yollamak
• Aclik grevleri ve zorlan beslenmesi
• Tanitim ve mahkumlari destekleyen gosteriler ve de mahkumlara karsi iskenceye karsi olmak
• Kralin atinin onune atlayan ve Derby Gununde oldurulen bir sufrajet araciligiyla tanitim
• Nufus sayimi adina katilim saglamaya karsi sivil itaatsizlik

Tibetin Bagimsizlik Hareketi- Chushi Gangdruk gerilla ordusu

Tibetan Independence Movement - "Middle Way"

Tibetan Independence Movement - Sporadic Uprisings and Grassroots Resistance

Irish Revolution / War of Independence

Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN)

Their tactics have evolved in the last decades. The EZLN began with a full scale attack on key cities in Chiapas, Mexico, resulting in a war with the government. The war ended with a cease-fire after 12 days, leading to a 1996 peace accord with the government meant to protect indigenous autonomy. Though not actively fighting, they still maintain a formalized underground army with bases of support. The army states that it will not attack nor defend lands with weapons, but is training. If lands are taken by government, the people relocate.

The Mexican government failed to uphold the 1996 treaty, but the Zapatistas have used this period to act as if the treaty is valid, building health, educational, and governmental alternatives to those offered by the Mexican state.

They actively build an international presence to gather donations and support, and also tour Mexico and host large indigenous conferences in the hopes of supporting other indigenous groups in their mission for autonomy. They refuse offers of "aid" and other subsidies from the Mexican government.

Movement for the Emancipation for the Niger Delta (MEND)

• sabotage of oil infrastructure
• bombing near military, government or oil industry infrastructure or buildings
• hirsizlik
• gerilla savasi
• kidnapping of foreign oil workers for ransom (MEND has a very good record of returning them unharmed)

MEND uses speed boats in swarm-based maneuvers to quickly attack targets in succession. Multiple highly maneuverable, well trained and armed units have kept the government and Shell's defensive systems off-balance defending their sprawling networks (1,000 oil wells, 6,000 km of pipeline over 70,000 square miles).

Very effective use of system disruption: targets have been systematically and accurately selected to completely shut down production and delay and/or halt repairs.

Afrikanin Ulusal Kongresi (ANC)

Phase One: From 1912 to 1960 the ANC used purely non-violent tactics including strikes, boycotts, protests, demonstrations, education and awareness raising, and alternative/political education.

Phase Two: Following the 1960 Sharpville Massacre, and because non-violent tactics alone were proving ineffective, in 1961 the ANC formed its military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe. (See MK profile for more details.) ANC groups outside South Africa focused on an international boycott of all South African products, and on excluding South Africa from the 1970s Olympics.

Inside South Africa the ANC, though driven underground, continued its non-violent tactics including strikes, protest marches, and distributing leaflets, and worked with student and community groups to challenge the Apartheid government. During the 1980's mass support galvanized around "Release Mandela Committees", and the ANC based the People's War on four pillars: ANC underground activity, united mass action, MK attacks, and an international campaign to isolate the apartheid regime.

Phase One: Until its banning in 1960, The ANC was an aboveground organization.

Phase Two: Afterwards it continued to work from the underground for a mass mobilization of resistance and to direct the MK military wing.

Phase One: Relaxed, since the ANC wanted to draw as much attention as possible to the issues.

Phase Two: See MK profile

Successful at ending apartheid. The combination of the ANC's work to promote mass political struggle with Umkhonto we Sizwe's armed struggle succeeded in pressuring the Apartheid government to unban the ANC in 1990. South Africa's first multiracial elections based on "one person one vote", held in April 1994, resulted in Nelson Mandela of the ANC and of Umkhonto we Sizwe becoming South Africa's first black chief executive.

Unfortunately, the subsequent governments embraced Neocolonialism, which has been a disaster for South Africans. Though the formal structures of apartheid have ended, the economic impacts linger and the country remains one of the most unequal in the world.

Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / The Spear of the Nation

• Phase One: early 1960s: sabotage
• Phase Two: mid 1960s to mid 1970s: political mobilization and developing underground structures
• Phase Three: mid 1970s to 1983: guerrilla warfare armed attacks
• Phase Four: 1983 to 1990: 'taking the war into the white areas' / people's war

Phase One: targets included government installations, police stations, electric pylons, pass offices, and other symbols of apartheid rule. In rural areas, there were arson attacks on sugar cane fields and wattle estates.

Phase Two: little MK activity inside South Africa, with MK recruits training in foreign camps.

Phase Three: a shift away from symbolic military actions, with a noticeable increase in armed attacks inside South Africa. MK sabotaged railway lines, bombed Bantu Administration offices, and attacked police stations, oil refineries, fuel depots, the Koeberg nuclear plant, and military targets such as Voortrekkerhoogte. In response to the apartheid government's vicious responses, MK's Special Operations Command ordered attacks against military personnel.

Phase Four: MK attacked economic, strategic, and military installations in white suburbs. They bombed targets such as the Johannesburg Magistrate's Court, banks, beach bars, shopping centers, sports stadiums, and Wimpy Restaurants, causing some civilian casualties. In 1989 MK Special Operations personnel launched a sustained mortar attack on the South African Air Force's secret Three Satellite Radar Station.

Phase One: MK was at all times subordinate to the leadership of the African National Congress (see ANC profile for more details), whose political policy and strategy directed MK's military strategy. MK's structure mirrored that of the ANC, with a National High Command at the top, Regional Commands in each of the provinces, and local commands and cells operating below. The High Command determined tactics and general targets and managed training and finance. Regional Commands selected local targets to attack. Many of the established MK units were allowed a degree of initiative in executing their operations, so long as they remained within policy guidelines.

Phases Two and Three: MK established the Revolutionary Council (RC) in 1969 to train political and military cadres as part of the long-term plan to build a robust underground within South Africa. Until the mid 1970s MK was an 'army in exile' with long and insecure lines of communication, command and control; most actions were launched by units from Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. In 1979, MK created a Special Operations Division to carry out strategic militant attacks from within South Africa.

Phase four: In 1983 the Revolutionary Council was replaced by the Political Military Council (PMC) which controlled and integrated the activities of:

• Internal Political Committee (responsible for the coordination of ANC political activities within South Africa)
• Military Headquarters (responsible for the coordination of operations, ordinance, intelligence and communications)
• NAT (responsible for the co-ordination of civilian intelligence, counter-intelligence and security)
• Bolgesel OAS'ler
  • Ic Bolgesel OAS'ler
    • Bolge OAS'leri
      • Yerel OAS'ler
• MKIZA (intelligence division created in the late 1980s to analyze the enemy South African Defence Force)

Phases One and Two: Recruitment minimal due to a lack of allies and camps in neighboring countries.

Phase Three: In 1976, high school students led a series of protests against apartheid policies. The protests and the subsequent reprisals and massacres by South African security forces galvanized widespread interest in resistance, especially amongst youths. In the years that followed, several thousand youths fled the country and joined MK.

Phase Four: Similarly, a series of protests and uprisings beginning in September 1984 fueled a new wave of recruits, with more political consciousness than in prior phases thanks to their experiences in mass democratic organizations of the early 80s.

Trying to swell the ranks of a volunteer army perpetually short on recruits, Area PMCs only rejected volunteers on grounds of health or age; volunteers simply had to be against apartheid and have the courage to take up arms. About 10-12,000 members of MK received formal training outside South Africa during the early phases. By the time of negotiations in 1993, MK had about 20-25,000 members.

Successful at ending apartheid. The combination of the ANC's work to promote mass political struggle with Umkhonto we Sizwe's armed struggle succeeded in pressuring the Apartheid government to unban the ANC in 1990. South Africa's first multiracial elections based on "one person one vote", held in April 1994, resulted in Nelson Mandela of the ANC and of Umkhonto we Sizwe becoming South Africa's first black chief executive.

Unfortunately, the subsequent governments embraced Neocolonialism, which has been a disaster for South Africans. Though the formal structures of apartheid have ended, the economic impacts linger and the country remains one of the most unequal in the world.

Ozgurluk Binicileri

Mohawkin Savascilari

Nat Turner'in Savascilari

​​Nat Turner and his group led the only effective slave rebellion in U.S history, liberating 70 slaves and killing 55 whites. Nat Turner was captured, hung and then skinned and the majority of the rebels involved in the insurrection (and many that weren't) were later tried and executed. In reprisal attacks, white mobs killed about 200 black slaves and free men and new laws were passed that further repressed slaves and free blacks.

The rebellion scared the people of the Southern states, added fuel to the abolitionist movement in the Northern states and was used as an iconic example by people and groups standing up to white oppression in later years.

Varsova Gettosunun Ayaklanmasi

​Of the upmost importance. The ZOB established a prison inside the ghetto to hold and execute traitors and collaborators like the Jewish Police.

Smuggling of food and weapons into the ghetto through the walls and secret tunnels was necessary to supply the resistance, with the risk to those caught smuggling being shot on sight.

​​The uprising was the largest single revolt by Jews during World War II. The Nazi forces planned to clear the ghetto of 50,000 in 3 days but the uprising killed seveal hundred SS guards and delayed the clearance by one month. It is estimated that 7,000 Jews were killed in the uprising by SS guards who resorted to systematically demolishing and burning buildings in the ghetto.

The uprising gave inspiration to future resistance movements and demonstrated the honor of the Jewish people who, certain of their death, chose to die fighting, inflicting damage on their oppressors instead of being led compliantly to extermination camps. Although there were few survivors, those who resisted had a better chance of survival than those passively led to concentration camps.

Huntingdonda Hayvan Zulumune Dur De (SHAC)

Suppliers and customers distanced themselves from HLS, its share price plummeted, and the company was dropped from both the London and New York Stock Exchanges. But HLS remains open because the UK Government bailed it out with banking and insurance services, and because HLS moved its financial center to the US to take advantage of anonymity laws.

The SHAC campaign was ended only after multiple laws were passed in the UK and US that targeted the methods used by SHAC. Relatively few arrests have been made and most cases remain unsolved.

Dunya Yerlesiminin Onu (ELF)

The ELF's strategy of attrition has not inflicted enough losses to offset the profits of extractive and destructive industries. Though activists have caused more than $100 million in damages in various attacks, and slowed or halted many projects, the impact has been negligible on industrial expansion as a whole.

Despite being named by the FBI as the leading domestic terrorism threat, relatively few arrests have been made and most cases remain unsolved.

Hayvan Kurtulusunun Onu (ALF)

The ALF's strategy of attrition has not inflicted enough losses to offset the profits of the animal industry. Though activists have released tens of thousands of animals, caused tens of millions of dollars of damage, and forced the closure of many targeted organisations, the impact has been negligible on the industry as a whole.

Despite being named by the FBI's Counterterrorism Division in 2004 as one of "the most active criminal extremist elements in the United States", relatively few of those responsible have been captured and most cases remain unsolved.​​

Silinin Direnci

Libyanin Direnci

Fransiz Direnci

Ermeni Direnci

Filipinin Direnci

Existing Filipino political groups and unsurrendered US and Filipino army battalions converted into guerrilla cells.

Recruitment also took place through campaigns that focussed on villages where people had suffered under the Japanese and were more likely to join resistance groups. Coercion in the form of threats to potential members and their families was also used to recruit new members.

Cezayirin Direnci

Rusyanin Ekimi ( Bolsevik ) Devrimi

After the revolution Russia became the worlds first declared socialist state, and withrew its forces from WWI.

Lenin's idea of socialism was never achieve as the Bolsheviks centralized their party, becoming isolated from the working class. The state didn't "wither away," instead becoming a monolithic, one-party, centralized dictatorship. Stalin eventually took over, and became one of the most murderous dictators in history.

Cecen Direnci

Guerrilla warfare tactics from trained and well supplied cells capable of operating independently or together. Coordination allowed larger scale operations against Russian troops in Chechnya, such as the taking of the Capital, Grozny, in 1996.

Bombings, assassinations, and kidnappings in Russia, particularly Moscow.

Red Army Faction (Baader Meinhof Group) (RAF)

Ispanyol Anarsist Devrimi

Hierarchical, decentralized and based on workers councils, with power held by small groups of people deciding their goals and plans through democratic votes. To scale up to larger scale organizing, workers councils elected delegates to make decisions at more executive layers. Thus, although the organizational structure was hierarchical, the flow of power was from bottom to top, rather than top to bottom.

The military organized on a similar model, with delegates taking positions of command but with less authority than a traditional military hierarchy. This model made it relatively slow to develop and execute strategy.

The workers seized, ran, and managed the means of production, and elected delegates for decision making.

The anarchist revolution successfully took control of 60% of the country and, for a short time, ran it according to anarchist principles. They failed to take complete power from the Popular Front government which, although elected, continually acted in the interests of the bourgeoisie and capitalists. The anarchists claimed they didn't take power from the government to avoid forming a dictatorship themselves, and to concentrate their efforts on fighting Franco's fascist uprising. Others claim that the anarchist revolutionaries doubted the ability of the masses to govern themselves.

The revolution ended when the revolutionaries collaborated with the capitalist government and distanced themselves from the workers and militia. Franco, supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, took power when the workers and militia became disillusioned by the betrayal by their leaders.

Ka'aporun Hintli Savascilari

Turkiye- Kurdistanin Calisanlarinin' Partisi (PKK) Savas

Ikinci Dunya Savasinda olan Partizanlar

Ikinci Dunya Savasinda Alman Direnci

Orman Gerillalari

Rampalari

Kazanlar, veya Gercek Rampalilar

Siyah Panterler

Having a firm ideological foundation. Visibly arming themselves, being knowledgeable about the law and patrolling African American neighborhoods to prevent police brutality and oppression.

Running 'Survival programs' that provided community help such as tuberculosis testing, legal aid, transportation assistance, ambulance services, the manufacture and distribution of free shoes, free breakfasts for children and education that promoted class consciousness.

Protests that raised awareness about police brutality.

Siyah Panter uyelerine karsi taniklik yapan sahitlere suikast tesebbusu.

Sobiboru Toplama Kampinin ayaklanmasi

Nijer Deltasinin Ocleri

• sabotage of oil infrastructure
• bombing near military, government or oil industry infrastructure or buildings
• gerilla savasi

NDA uses speedboats in swarm-based manoeuvres and coordinates underwater attacks on gas and oil pipeline infrastructure. Multiple highly manoeuvrable, well trained and armed units have kept the government, Chevron and Shell's defensive systems off-balance defending their sprawling networks, bringing Nigeria’s oil output to a 20 year low.

Cok etkili sistem kesintilerinin kullanimi: hedefler sistematik ve yanlissiz bir sekilde secilmistir uretimi tamamen kapatabilmek icin ve ertelenmeler ve de / veya halt onarimini halledebilmek icin.

Rojava Revolution

Democratic Confederalism - anarchist/libertarian-socialist communal structure, multicultural and consensus based.

There are four armed groups:

• Women's Protection Unit (YPJ), the women-only wing of the military
• Peoples Protection Units (YPG), the mixed sex wing of the military
• Civilian self defence units (HPC) for community protection
• Asayish (Police)

Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP)

Some actions temporarily reduced oil output, and lawsuits against large oil companies won millions of dollars in damages paid to the Ogoni people. In conjunction with international pressure, this has made the companies curb the worst of their social and environmental abuses. But oil companies are still active in the region with destructive impact and little economic benefit to the Ogoni people.

The failure of nonviolent tactics to achieve justice led to the formation of MEND and of the Niger Delta Avengers.

Gene Sharp